This study investigates the optical, structural, and electrical properties of manganese selenide (MnSe) thin films synthesized using the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method, with varying volumes of triethylamine (TEA) as a complexing agent. The MnSe films exhibited high absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV) region, peaking at values from 0.61 to 0.91 depending on TEA concentration, and declining towards the near-infrared (NIR) region. Transmittance varied from 12.53% to 92.17%, decreasing with higher TEA concentrations. The energy band gap of the films decreased from 2.90 eV with 2 ml of TEA to 2.30 eV with 10 ml, highlighting the tunability of MnSe for photovoltaic applications. Film thickness varied from 190.82 nm to 381.63 nm, reflecting a direct relationship with TEA concentration. Structurally, the MnSe films crystallized in the cubic phase with improved crystallinity and reduced defects at higher TEA volumes, as evidenced by a crystallite size increase from 20.10 nm to 25.09 nm and decreased dislocation density and microstrain. Morphological analysis revealed uniform grain-like structures at moderate TEA concentrations, which are optimal for photovoltaic performance. The electrical properties highlighted a trade-off between resistivity and conductivity. Films deposited with lower TEA volumes exhibited higher electrical conductivity of 2.72 ×10^(-5) S/cm at 2 ml compared to 1.02 ×10^(-5) S/cm at 10 ml. These findings confirm the suitability of MnSe thin films for absorber layers in solar cells, particularly where tunable optical and electrical properties are desired. The ability to control these properties by varying TEA concentration enhances the material's versatility for applications beyond photovoltaics, including optoelectronic and photodetector devices.

The Vredefort Dome has undergone some geologic processes that result in changes in the temperature of the rocks. This study contributes to the discussion on the thermal effect of the impact in the area on a regional scale and also delineates the linear structures around the Dome. The outcome shows that the center of the Dome is characterized by a low Curie point depth (CPD), indicating a high-temperature status that agrees with previous temperature reports in that area. The high-temperature tendency is observed to extend south of the Vredefort dome. The center-south of the Vredefort structure has a high thermal gradient and heat flow. The fractal distribution of the Vredefort structure correlates with the multi-ring structure around the Dome, which is peculiar to a few impact structures on Earth. The trend of the Fractal exponent contour around the center suggests that the contact of the meteoritic body at that region occurs at an angle and then pushes southwards. The structural analysis results show linear structures that are believed to be faults/fractures trending in North-NorthEast (NNE), NorthEast (NE), EastWest (EW), and NorthSouth (NS) directions whose effects have been explained in previous works in the area and were also identified on the ground. Some closures are observed at the center of the multi-ring structure, indicating the melt-dykes around the Vredefort dome. The Euler depth solutions cluster suggests the lineaments are about 7 km deep.